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Formulas

1 Wh = 3,600 J

1 kWh = 1,000 Wh

Wh = V × Ah

Example

1,200 Wh equals 1.2 kWh or 4,320,000 J. At 12 V it is nominally 100 Ah.

Energy vs. Charge Capacity

Ah is not an energy unit until voltage is known. Batteries with equal Ah but different voltage contain different nominal Wh.

Battery voltage changes during discharge, and usable energy depends on chemistry, current, temperature, age, and operating limits.

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