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Formulas for a Sine Wave
Peak = RMS × √2
Peak-to-peak = 2 × Peak
RMS = Peak ÷ √2
Example
An ideal 120 V RMS sine wave has approximately 169.7 V peak and 339.4 V peak-to-peak.
Important Limitation
These fixed ratios apply only to a pure sine wave with no DC offset. Square, triangle, pulse, clipped, distorted, and variable-duty waveforms have different RMS relationships.
Use a true-RMS instrument or waveform integration for non-sinusoidal signals.